Exposing the skin to the harm has both harms and benefits. It is the main cause of skin cancer and premalignant lesions, but it also leads to the production of vitamin D and other benefits are emerging. The wavelengths that are most directly linked with skin cancer are the same as those that produce vitamin D, so finding the balance is challenging. Importantly, the balance of benefits and harms is not the same for all people. In light of this, a new position statement has been released which explicitly provides advice that recognizes the diversity of Australia’s population. People with skin that is very sun sensitive should avoid deliberately exposing the skin to the sun, and should be vigilant with sun protection and use vitamin D supplements to meet their vitamin D requirements. Those with deeply pigmented skin do not require routine sun protection, and more time outdoors is needed to avoid vitamin D deficiency. The third group, at intermediate risk, can aim to obtain a vitamin D-effective dose of UV radiation on most days of the week, but sun protection remains extremely important. Sunscreen is a pivotal part of sun protection. However new evidence suggests that routine sunscreen application can lead to increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation might be required for people who adhere to this recommendation. Details underpinning the new position statement, and the new sunscreen trial results will be presented.