This presentation highlights recent breakthroughs in the field of "living photovoltaics," photovoltaics that are powered by extracting photocurrent from light-harvesting microbes. In particular, we aim to increase the photocurrent of these devices by enhancing the transport of photosynthetically-derived electrons across the outer membranes of cells. Through a combination of bioengineering [1-3], electrode engineering [4-5], and nanoparticle infusion (“nanobionics”) [6-8], we demonstrate orthogonal and complementary nanobioengineering approaches for enabling extracellular electron transfer in cells that naturally lack this ability. Building on relatively recent discoveries in the extracellular electron transfer mechanisms of S. oneidensis, our research focuses on the heterologous expression of key cytochromes in a model facultative anaerobe (E. coli) for translation into a photoautotroph (Synechocystis sp. PCC6803). We employ a combination of colorimetric and electrochemical techniques to characterize extracellular electron transfer in these engineered microbes under mediated and non-mediated conditions. To optimize charge transfer in these cells, we have further developed novel approaches for interfacing photosynthetic microbes with modified electrodes and infusing nanoparticles. We leverage these advancements to demonstrate living fuel cells and photovoltaics with record-breaking performances.